Learning Principles for Multimedia

Copied from:http://www.e-learn.nl/2012/12/16/do-we-need-another-mooc

While looking though our readings on multimedia in learning, I have been stuck by several important ideas.  Short-term memory is limited to around 4 objects at a time in spatial or visual memory with around 7 objects in verbal memory.

Sensory memory degrades very quickly and the more sensory input there is the greater the risk of overload, thus limiting long-term memory.   However, research shows that convergence (sensory input combined with new information) can have positive effects on the creation of long-term memory and the human capacity for long-term memory is virtually unlimited.

I thought that I would compile a list, based on empirical research, of the ways that multimedia can  help students learn when used correctly:

·         multimedia principle: words and pictures help knowledge retention

·         spatial contiguity principle: having words and pictures next to each other rather than on separate pages works best

·         temporal contiguity principle: words and pictures work best together when presented simultaneously

·         coherence principle: unnecessary words and pictures should be excluded

·         modality principle: animation and narration work better than animation with text embedded in it

·         individual differences principle: low-knowledge learners benefit from more design effects, while high-knowledge learners require less

·         spatial learners benefit from design effects

·         with more complex material, increasing the direct manipulation will help increase of knowledge gained (Stansbury, 2008)

Bibliography

Stansbury, M. (2008, March 26). Analysis: How multimedia can improve learning. Retrieved March 24, 2013, from eSchool News: http://www.eschoolnews.com/2008/03/26/analysis-how-multimedia-can-improve-learning/